The article presents new results of the development of methods and software tools and the practical use of tutoring integrated expert systems (IES) and web-based IES as fully functional intelligent tutoring systems (IES) designed to implement typical problems of intelligent tutoring. The aim of the work was to build an adaptive ontological software environment for intelligent tutoring through the use of tutoring IES and web-based IES developed on the basis of a problem-oriented methodology and the tools of an intelligent software environment of the AT‑TECHNOLOGY workbench. The results are a brief description of the methods and software tools for the practical implementation of the unified ontological environment model, the basic components of which are: a generalized ontology of a specialty/field of study, applied ontologies of courses/disciplines, student models, tutoring models and specified typical problems of intelligent tutoring. This work is related to the development of an original approach to automating the processes of developing and applying a unified ontological space of knowledge and skills of students through the use of tutoring IES and web-based IES throughout the educational cycle in specific areas of specialist tutoring in the university education system.
Rybina et al. (Sun,) studied this question.