Purpose of the study: Healthcare-associated-infections represent frequent complications of hospital care. Active surveillance activities, prevalence and incidence investigations are fundamental, as a described in PNCAR 2022-2025. Materials and Methods: the “Ospedale del Mare” showed a 30% increase in super-infections from MDR germs, particular Acinetobacter B. also in Sars-CoV-2 patients. Within 24 hours of hospitalization, patients underwent rectal swab for MDR germs and nasal swab for MRSA. Results: Comparison between 2021 vs. 2022 showed in 2022 24% increase in positive MRSA nasal swabs in General Medicine (GM), 21% in ICU and 43% in Emergency Medicine (EM). In 2022 there was a 25% increase in positive MDR rectal swabs in GM, 30% in ICU and 41% in EM. Surveillance strategy highlighted an increased rate of MDR germs, particularly Acinetobacter without significant difference in 2022. Conclusions: Early identification of colonized patients in GM led to 3. 4% reduction of meropenem DDD (2021 vs. 2022) and -45% of costs, while for ceftazidime/avibactam -55. 3% and -52. 4%. In EM, 100% DDD reduction, while in ICU there was a +533% DDD increase, with increased cost by 579%. The cost analysis for all UUOOs for ceftazidime showed 19% increase, also due to 14% price reduction. The sub-analysis of the ICU data showed that, despite the increased costs for antibiotic therapy and the number of MDR colonization/infections, the mortality rate lowers from 71. 8% in 2021 to 63% in 2022 with an average stay in ICU of 17 days in 2021 rather than 16 days in 2022, showing a slight reduction.
A Mon, study studied this question.