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September 5, 2025Open Access

Current Status and Future Direction of Photovoltaics

Key Points

Advancements in photovoltaic technology can significantly contribute to reducing CO2 emissions and enhancing energy sustainability.
Key developments include high-efficiency and low-cost solar cells, storage batteries, and integrated PV systems for buildings and vehicles.
The sustainability of materials, as well as strategies for reusing and recycling, are crucial for widespread adoption of photovoltaics.
Future directions focus on diverse applications like agriculture PV and floating PV to improve installation rates and energy self-consumption.

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion is expected to contribute to the creation of a clean energy society. For realizing such a vision, various developments such as high-efficiency, low-cost and highly reliable materials, solar cells, modules and systems are necessary. Cooperation with storage batteries is also very important for regulation and self-consumption. The creation of new applications such as building integrated PV, vehicle integrated PV, agriculture PV and floating PV is also very important for further installation of PV and reducing CO2 emission. The sustainability of material consumption, along with reducing, reusing and recycling are also key issues for widespread deployment of PV. This paper provides an overview of the current status of photovoltaics and discusses future directions for photovoltaics from the view-points of high-efficiency, low-cost, reliability, and importance of integrated photovoltaics and sustainability.

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