Knowledge and Attitude Toward Organ Donation Community Based Study Comparing Medical and Non-Medical Student Population

Background: Organ transplantation remains the optimal therapeutic modality for patients suffering from end-stage organ failure. In Iraq, despite the challenges posed by limited healthcare infrastructure, public awareness and perception of organ donation significantly influence the success and development of organ transplantation programs. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding organ donation among medical and non-medical students in Iraq, and to identify the key factors influencing individual preferences toward organ donation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sampling technique from October 2020. A total of 200 students participated, comprising 150 medical students from Baghdad, Al-Kindy, and Al- Mustansiriyah Colleges of Medicine, and 50 non-medical students from the University of Technology and Al-Iraqi University (Engineering Department). Data were collected using a structured, online self-administered questionnaire. Results: Among the participants, 72.5% were female, and 96.5% were Muslim. Awareness of organ donation during life was higher among medical students (90.7%) compared to non-medical students (84%). Knowledge of brain death was reported by 78% of participants, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.115). A total of 57% considered brain death equivalent to actual death, and 61.5% supported organ donation following brain death. Religious acceptance of donation was believed by 53.5% of respondents. While 42% believed donation could negatively affect health, 93% expressed willingness to donate to a family member, and 46% were willing to donate a kidney. Conclusion: Medical students demonstrated relatively good awareness of organ donation; however, structured educational interventions are warranted to enhance knowledge, particularly on cadaveric donation, across all academic disciplines.