A Systematic Literature Review on the Role of E-Learning in Enhancing Environmental Literacy Among Primary School Students

This systematic literature review explores how e-learning can enhance environmental literacy among primary school students. Environmental literacy is crucial in helping young learners understand ecological issues and adopt sustainable behaviours. However, traditional teaching methods often lack the engagement needed for effective environmental education. This study examines how digital learning tools and platforms address these limitations. A comprehensive search of recent academic literature was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC databases. Following the PRISMA framework, 32 studies were systematically selected and analysed. Thematic synthesis was employed to extract patterns and insights from the reviewed literature. The findings were synthesised into three main themes: (1) Integration of e-learning and technology in environmental and STEM education, (2) Student engagement and effectiveness of online learning, and (3) Pedagogical approaches and challenges in distance education. The results revealed that e-learning tools positively influence students’ environmental literacy. Students using digital platforms showed an average 25% improvement in knowledge retention and application of environmental concepts. These findings indicate that e-learning not only enhances motivation but also facilitates a deeper understanding of complex environmental topics. This suggests that integrating technology into primary education is a valuable strategy for cultivating environmentally responsible future generations.