Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) encompasses various conditions affecting the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints (TMJs), and related structures. Due to the complexity of the etiology, the diagnosis and management of TMD remain a challenge where consensus is still lacking in many aspects. TMD is characterized by a wide range of symptoms - from disorders strictly resulting from impaired joint function, such as restricted jaw movement and joint sounds, to less obvious manifestations including headache, otologic symptoms, and retro-orbital pain. Treatment of TMD requires an individual approach to each patient and includes physiotherapy, dental or orthodontic care, and in some cases pharmacological or surgical treatment.
Maryńczak et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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