The 5G NR and LTE networks' evolution has added unprecedented complexities in field testing since the propagation scenarios, deployment patterns, and implementation-specific modelling (beamforming, carrier aggregation, and dynamic spectrum sharing) are different. Existing field-testing frameworks are challenged by scalability, efficiency, and regional adaptability. This review examines how it is possible to optimize field-testing protocols in various geographies that include AI-enhanced orchestration, UAV-based testing environment, real-time detection of anomalies, as well as cross-layer analytics. The major technical gaps are found in latency-aware measurement, test automation, and multi-technology harmonization. The review finishes with a list of priorities to be met in the future that will enhance the coverage, efficiency, and regulatory compliance in heterogeneous deployment scenarios.
Kranthi Kiran Kusuma (Sat,) studied this question.