Dyslipidemia and Its Correlation With Hepatic Enzymes in Hypothyroid Patients: A Public Health Perspective

Underactive thyroid is an endocrine system disorder defined by inadequate thyroid hormone synthesis by the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism affects lipid profiles is via thyroid hormone and thyroid hormone receptor, which is mostly expressed in the liver, may bind to thyroid hormone to control the expression of downstream target genes. The objectives of this study aimed to determine lipid parameters and liver function in hypothyroid patients and correlate dyslipidemia and deranged Liver functions with the thyroid profile. Methodology: This Descriptive Cross-Sectional study was conducted in the Medical department at PMC Hospital and NORIN Hospital Nawabshah, SBA for the period of 06 months from July 2023 to Dec 2023. After taking approval from Ethical review committee of the Institute, 200 males and females diagnosed patients of hypothyroidism fulfilling the inclusion Criteria were selected. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. A written consent was taken and required laboratory reports were collected for information. Demographic information, history of the patient and physical examination were collected using a structured questionnaire. To analyze the pattern of dyslipidemia, a lipid profile and routine tests were performed. Results: Mean age of the participants was 38.46 ± 2.68 years and majority of the participants were belonging to lower and middle socioeconomic class. There was statistical significant association (p-value <0.05) between poor class and middle class. There was significant association between obesity and deranged liver function (p-value 0.037) and with deranged lipid parameters (p-value 0.010). Pearson correlation (2 tailed) test was applied to measure the correlation between deranged lipid profiles and deranged liver enzyme. There was positive correlation (0.169) between deranged lipids profile and deranged liver enzyme. Conclusion: Results of this study reveal that hypothyroidism is directly linked with deranged liver enzymes and lipid parameters because in hypothyroidism there is low metabolism especially in liver. Dyslipidemia and abnormal liver enzymes make the condition worse and have an impact on the prognosis and course of the disease. To lessen the severity, it is advised that dyslipidemia should also be treated in these patients.