Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) affects over 300 million people worldwide and continues to pose diagnostic challenges due to fluctuating symptoms and reliance on static, clinic-based tests. Conventional methods such as Schirmer's test and tear osmolarity provide only episodic insights, failing to capture the dynamic behavior of the tear film. Recently, biosensor-embedded wearable devices, including smart contact lenses, eyelid-mounted patches, and sensor-equipped spectacles have emerged, enabling real-time and continuous tracking of tear metrics and blink patterns. These technologies promise precision diagnostics and patient-specific therapeutic strategies.
Gurnani et al. (Sat,) studied this question.