The shared knowledge of parents about parenting and the lack of manuals on parenting cause parents' attention and care for their children to be low. It is necessary to develop a guidebook for parents on parenting. The type of research is Research and Development (R&D) from Sugiyono. Adopting the theory of Borg and Gall, the study uses ten steps, starting with research and gathering information, ending with disseminating and applying. The data sources were parents and teachers of Tarbiyatul Athfal Bangsri 01 Kindergarten, Tarbiyatul Athfal Bangsri 02 Kindergarten, Bangsri Al Hikmah Kindergarten, Bangsri Jepara District. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documentation. The research instruments are structured interview guidelines for teachers, validation questionnaires for material experts, media experts and observation, 2) Development of parenting media in the form of e-module-based parenting models and e-module usage manuals, 3) The feasibility of the e-module-based parenting module based on the validation results from media experts is 91, material expert validation is 87 and linguist validation is 93. The validation criteria from the three validators are very valid and very suitable to be used in early childhood parenting activities. The conclusion of the research is the development of an e-module-based parenting model very suitable to be used to improve the skills of parents in the independence of early childhood.
Resfa’ati et al. (Sun,) studied this question.