On the Development of the Northern Sea Route Communications System During Geopolitical Instability

Introduction. The development of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) communications system has become increasingly relevant due to geopolitical instability. Expanding NSR infrastructure not only strengthens Russia’s control over Arctic territories and transport corridors but also reduces dependence on external routes and enhances the security of cargo transportation. Research objective. This study analyzes the pace of development of the NSR communications system in the context of regional geopolitical instability. Materials and methods. The analysis draws on peer-reviewed articles, data on nuclear icebreaker development, and statistics on NSR cargo traffic (2020-2024). Methods include content analysis of official documents and international agreements, statistical data processing, comparison of alternative routes (the Suez Canal and the NSR), and modeling mechanisms to stimulate the Arctic economy and NSR development. Results. Economic activity in the Arctic zone entails high operating and investment costs, which are generally feasible only for large, vertically integrated holdings. The development of Arctic territories therefore requires mechanisms that can stimulate investment and fully unlock the potential of the NSR. The study outlines an economic framework that links macro-, meso-, and micro-levels of the national economy, with the goal of enhancing investment attractiveness and successfully implementing large infrastructure and business projects in the Arctic region. Conclusion. The proposed framework promotes the growth of the Arctic economy and the NSR by improving investment attractiveness and contributing to the socio-economic development of Arctic territories. Key factors include reducing investment risks, securing government guarantees and sectoral support, and lowering project costs through subsidized rates. The framework also facilitates access to international markets, technology transfer and innovation, and the expansion of Arctic infrastructure and logistics.