Objective: To evaluate the patterns and underlying causes of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex (ZMC) fractures in patients presenting to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department at PNS Shifa Hospital, Karachi. Methods: 93 patients between the ages of 18 and 61 participated in a descriptive cross-sectional study that was carried out between April 2024 and April 2025. To determine fracture patterns and etiologies, patients received clinical and CT-based evaluations. SPSS v25 was used to examine information on age, gender, socioeconomic status, education, fracture type and site, and injury causation. To determine significance, the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used. Results: The average age was 35.69 ± 10.72. The majority of patients were male (60.2%) and between the ages of 18 and 30 (37.6%). Road traffic incidents accounted for 29% of fractures, while falls accounted for 28%. The two anatomical areas most impacted were the zygomatico-frontal suture (22.6%) and the zygomatico-facial foramen (21.5%). The proportion of atypical (50.5%) and conventional (49.5%) fracture types was almost equal. Significant correlations between fracture patterns and age group and etiology were found by statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Conclusion: ZMC fractures commonly resulted from RTAs and falls, particularly in young males. Enhanced public safety and preventive strategies, including traffic regulations and helmet use, could mitigate these injuries.
Shahzad et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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