Indonesia’s target of being one of the top four world economies by 2045 is contingent on a strong industrialization plan to escape the middle-income trap. This heavy dependence on the export of raw commodities as well as the incursion of world-wide geo-political disturbances relating to the Russia–Ukraine war, the US–China trade war, and the Israel–Iran conflict accentuated the need for downstream processing and re-industrialization. This paper utilizes a qualitative content analysis of policy frameworks, governance model, and sectoral strategy in Indonesia’s mineral, agromaritime, and renewable energy. The results suggest that downstreaming has a high potential to increase export value, generate jobs and improve economic resilience. The mineral industry needs choosing a mode of strategic governance that balances economic prosperity, sovereignty, environmental protection and access to markets. In the agromaritime sector, palm oil, cocoa, coconut, and seaweed offer chances to climb the global value ladder, with bioenergy particularly via biomass constituting a central pole of the renewable energy shift. Higher education institutions such as universities play an important role in the rapid transformation of industry by promoting innovation, technology transfer and talent cultivation. The research concludes that a comprehensive plan that combines economic and social restructuring, technology-based investment and inclusive governance is the key to achieve sustained industrial growth and able to bring about the vision of Golden Indonesia 2045.
Arif Satria (Mon,) studied this question.