Cross-Scanner Harmonization of AI/DL Accelerated Quantitative Bi-Parametric Prostate MRI

Clinical application of AI/DL-aided acquisitions for quantitative bi-parametric (q-bp)MRI requires validation and harmonization across vendor platforms. An AI/DL-accelerated q-bpMRI, including 5-echo T2 and 4-b-value apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping, was implemented on two 3T clinical scanners by two vendors alongside the qualitative standard-of-care (SOC) MRI protocols for six patients with biopsy-confirmed prostate cancer (PCa). AI/DL versus SOC bpMRI image quality was compared for MR-visible PCa lesions on a 4-point Likert-like scale. Quantitative validation and protocol bias assessment were performed using a multiparametric phantom with reference T2 and diffusion kurtosis values mimicking prostate tissue ranges. Six-minute q-bpMRI achieved acceptable diagnostic quality comparable to the SOC. Better SNR was observed for DL/AI versus SOC ADC with method-dependent distortion susceptibility and resolution enhancement. The measured biases were unaffected by AI/DL reconstruction and related to acquisition protocol parameters: constant for spin-echo T2 (−7 ms to +5 ms) and ADC (4b-fit: −0.37 µm2/ms and 2b-fit: −0.19 µm2/ms), while nonlinear for echo-planar T2 (−37 ms to +14 ms). Measured phantom ADC bias dependence on b-value range was consistent with that observed for PCa lesions. Bias correction harmonized lesion T2 and ADC values across different AI/DL-aided q-bpMRI acquisitions. The developed workflow enables harmonization of AI/DL-accelerated quantitative T2 and ADC mapping in multi-vendor clinical settings.