Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality globally, accounting for approximately 17.9 million deaths each year. The increasing prevalence of lifestyle-related risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and chronic inflammation has intensified the need for preventive and therapeutic interventions. While synthetic drugs are widely used, their long-term usage is often associated with adverse effects and reduced patient compliance. This has led to growing interest in natural plant-based therapies, particularly those rooted in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine, which offer holistic benefits with minimal side effects. This study aims to investigate the cardioprotective potential of a selected group of medicinal plants known for their historical and scientific relevance in heart care. The nine botanicals evaluated include Flax Seed (Linum usitatissimum), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Dill Leaf (Anethum graveolens), Ginkgo Biloba, Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), and Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera). These plants were selected based on their rich composition of bioactive compounds including omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, organosulfur compounds, and phytosterols, which are known to play significant roles in cardiovascular modulation. Each plant is analyzed under five core headings: Taxonomy, Physio-Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, Antioxidant Activity, and Mechanism of Action with respect to heart care. Collectively, the selected plants demonstrate a diverse range of mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular health, such as lipid profile regulation, blood pressure reduction, anti-inflammatory activity, endothelial function improvement, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and protection against oxidative stress-induced myocardial damage. Flax Seed, for instance, is abundant in alpha-linolenic acid and lignans that lower LDL cholesterol and inflammation. Garlic and Ginger contribute significantly through their vasodilatory and antithrombotic actions. Turmeric and Ashwagandha exhibit profound antioxidant and adaptogenic effects that mitigate oxidative cardiac stress. Ginkgo Biloba and Brahmi enhance microcirculation and cognitive function, indirectly benefiting vascular health. This comprehensive review underscores the potential of integrating these botanicals into heart care formulations, either as dietary supplements or functional beverages. By offering synergistic, multi-targeted effects, such herbal combinations may serve as effective adjuncts to conventional therapies, promoting long-term cardiovascular well-being with minimal adverse effects.
Kumar et al. (Wed,) studied this question.