A Critical Review of Intellectual Capital Proxies

As the global economy shifts from an industrial to a knowledge-based paradigm, intellectual capital (IC) has become a critical driver of organizational value and competitiveness. Encompassing human, structural, and relational resources, IC highlights the growing importance of intangible assets in innovation-driven industries. However, traditional accounting systems are poorly equipped to capture the value of these assets, prompting the development of various proxy indicators. This study evaluates six IC measurement proxies. It contributes to ongoing debates on measuring intellectual capital, providing a more nuanced and industry-specific framework that aligns with the complexities of today’s knowledge economy.