Linking workplace incivility to counterproductive behaviour: Roles of satisfaction and control

Orientation: Counterproductive work behaviour (CWB) refers to employee actions that harm organisations or colleagues, such as absenteeism, frequent resignations, workplace conflicts and low job commitment. These behaviours negatively impact productivity and workplace harmony across various settings. Research purpose: This study examines the influence of workplace incivility on CWB, the role of job satisfaction in CWB and the mediating effect of job satisfaction. It also explores self-control as a moderating factor in the relationship between workplace incivility and CWB. Motivation for the study: Understanding these relationships helps organisations develop targeted strategies to mitigate CWB and foster a healthier and more productive work environment. Research approach/design and method: This study utilised structural equation modelling (SEM-PLS) to analyse data from 385 local employees in Karawang, Indonesia, using convenience sampling. PLS analysis was conducted using SmartPLS4 to evaluate both the measurement and structural models. Main findings: Workplace incivility significantly increases CWB, while job satisfaction negatively impacts CWB. However, workplace incivility does not affect job satisfaction, and job satisfaction does not mediate the incivility-CWB relationship, suggesting other influencing factors. Moderation analysis confirms that self-control does not weaken the effect of workplace incivility on CWB. Practical/managerial implications: Organisations should implement workplace policies promoting respect, clear communication and supportive leadership to reduce incivility and CWB. Future research should explore additional moderating factors, such as leadership styles and organisational culture. Contribution/value-add: This study enhances understanding of how workplace incivility influences CWB and how personality traits mitigate its impact, providing valuable insights for organisation strategies and workplace behaviour research.