Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) batteries have become a cornerstone technology in the new energy industry, widely recognized for their superior safety, long cycle life, and environmental benefits, which have driven extensive adoption across various fields. The unique olivine-structured cathode material, LFP, provides exceptional thermal and chemical stability, effectively maintaining structural integrity under high temperatures and ensuring enhanced safety over other battery types. Furthermore, these batteries demonstrate remarkable durability, often exceeding 3000 full charge-discharge cycles, coupled with significant cost efficiency and a minimal ecological footprint. This combination of advantages solidifies their role as the leading choice for electric vehicle powertrains and large-scale energy storage systems. The present paper systematically investigates the mechanisms responsible for low-temperature performance degradation and comprehensively reviews four primary improvement strategies: innovative material synthesis, electrolyte formulation optimization, advanced electrode engineering, and intelligent thermal management. Finally, emerging industrial applications and promising future research directions toward broader electrification are also critically discussed.
Bozhong Zhou (Wed,) studied this question.