Background Recent advances in neonatology have led to increased survival rates of neonates, especially very and extremely preterm infants. This has also led to increased morbidities and mortality in these infants. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in a level III neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between January 2020 and December 2021 in preterm infants <32 weeks gestation to analyse the antenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors associated with preterm births. We aimed to study the clinical outcomes related to prematurity in these infants. Results 233 preterm infants of <32 weeks’ gestation were analysed. Mortality was noted in 87 preterm infants (37%). Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was seen in 195 cases (84%). Grade 2 RDS was significantly more in infants of 24-28 weeks gestation when compared to infants of 28-32 weeks gestation (42% vs. 9.4%, P = .0001). Sepsis was reported in 188 cases (80.68%), of which early-onset sepsis was seen in 159 cases (84.6%) and late-onset sepsis in 29 cases (15.4%). These outcomes were significantly more prevalent in infants of 24-28 weeks’ gestation compared to those of 28-32 weeks’ gestation (100% vs. 78%, P = .0001 and 87% vs. 67%, P = .02, respectively). Haemodynamically significant ductus was seen in 52% of infants, and it was significantly more in infants of 24-28 weeks gestation versus 28-32 weeks (80% vs. 48%, P = .0008). Incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was seen in 4.7% of infants and was significantly higher in 24-28 weeks versus 28-32 weeks (13% vs. 3.4%, P = .04). Preterm low birth weight status showed an association with mortality in preterm infants. Conclusion This audit suggests strengthening antenatal and neonatal interventions for preterm infants in resource-poor settings.
Dhole et al. (Wed,) studied this question.