Effect of platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor on the regenerative potential of human-induced pluripotent stem cells: A comparative analysis

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) has been used, while concentrated growth factor (CGF) has recently evolved as a bioscaffold in regenerative endodontics. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of PRF and CGF on the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Materials and Methods: CGF and PRF were fabricated from voluntarily donated human blood, and a conditioned medium was prepared. HiPSCs were isolated and cultivated on a conditioned medium for 12 days. The proliferation rate was analyzed using a trypan blue assay on days 9, 10, and 11. The migratory rate was evaluated using a wound healing assay after 24, 48, and 72 h. For assessing the differentiation of hiPSCs, various markers with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions on day 12 were used. Results: Mesenchymal phenotypic transition was seen with an increase in proliferation rate in the PRF group more than in the CGF group on day 9, along with the differentiation of cells with an increase in osteoblastic markers on day 12 in both groups. The migratory capacity of cells was significantly increased in the CGF and PRF groups, with a greater increase in the CGF group. Conclusions: CGF and PRF extend the duration of growth factor activity and enhance cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, with hiPSCs serving as a bioscaffold with high regenerative potential.