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Abstract Both Martin Luther's pietas and Zhu Xi's Cheng‐Jing are not purely empirical emotional categories, but transcendent emotional categories of faith. By comparing Luther's pietas and Zhu Xi's Cheng‐Jing , this article reveals how Christianity and Confucianism constructed individual emotional and spiritual transcendence in early modernity. By doing so, it highlights both similarities and fundamental differences between Neo‐Confucianism and Protestantism in matters of faith, thus revealing their significance for modern society.
Jun Zhang (Thu,) studied this question.