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Forest fires are a worldwide issue that can cause major harm to forests, wildlife, vegetation, and local residents. Wildfires can also have long-term environmental consequences, such as soil deterioration, lower air quality, and the production of greenhouse gases. Forest fire prevention and control are serious challenges in many regions of the world, and fire detection and suppression techniques are continually evolving. There are several wildfire detection techniques available, some of the most commonly used techniques are watchtowers, satellites, wireless sensor networks (WSN), cameras, and drone systems. With these techniques, emergency services can detect forest fires faster and respond more quickly to limit damage. This paper will compile a list of all the techniques used to detect forest fires. To gain a clearer understanding, the paper addresses the benefits and drawbacks of each technique and discusses examples of research experiment findings. Finally, a comprehensive table is provided to summarize a comparison of different methodologies in order to contribute to future research endeavors aimed at developing early fire detection systems. This research takes an in-depth look at what is currently being done to monitor and detect wildfires. After examining the achievements and limitations of present methods of forest fire surveillance and detection, we finish by providing many possible research directions for the future.
Sairi et al. (Fri,) studied this question.