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To disentangle the effect of complex features on axon diameter mapping, we segmented myelinated axons in a human brain electron microscopy data and use these to create artificial cylinders with undulations and caliber variations that can be tuned to varying degrees. Diffusion simulations in segmented real axons and artificial axons showed that undulations and beadings lead to overestimation and underestimation of the axon diameter, respectively.
Lee et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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