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In response to the increasing need for environmentally friendly and sustainable power sources, renewable energy technologies are developing quickly. This thorough analysis looks at the present and potential trends in a number of renewable energy areas, such as hydropower, geothermal, and biomass energy. Emerging as a flexible and sustainable energy source made from organic materials is biomass energy. Anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and gasification have all been improved by recent advances in biomass technology, increasing their effectiveness and enabling new uses. While biomass energy finds a variety of applications in power generation, transportation, heating, and industrial processes, sustainability concerns are being addressed by advanced approaches in feedstock management and lifetime emissions assessment. The internal heat of the Earth is captured by geothermal energy, which offers a steady and dependable power source. Geothermal heat pumps, better drilling methods, and upgraded geothermal systems (EGS) are examples of technological developments. Every one of these solutions helps to lower expenses and increase efficiency. Heat pumps, power plants, and direct use systems are the three types of geothermal systems; each has advantages and uses in particular. The global spread of geothermal energy is being facilitated by technological breakthroughs and regulations that promote it, addressing issues including resource exploration, environmental effect, and economic hurdles. Although new developments have redefined its place in contemporary energy systems, hydropower is still a key component of renewable energy sources. Technological advancements in turbines, such as hydrokinetic and fish-friendly models, are improving performance and lessening their negative environmental effects. Micro- and small-scale hydropower plants are expanding the versatility and accessibility of hydropower. These technologies are essential to developing a robust and diverse energy mix that supports sustainable development and climate goals as the global energy landscape moves toward cleaner and more sustainable solutions.
Lodhi et al. (Sun,) studied this question.