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The hard part turning process used to finish the cylindrical surfaces has some critical machining responses like tool wear with the lower quality of the machined surfaces. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL)-based machining environment is currently considered an advanced cooling and lubrication technique. Cutting speed, feed rate, and cutting depth are considered input parameters, and the TaguchiL 27 orthogonal array (OA) has been adopted as the design of the experiment. In this context, average surface roughness (Formula: see text), tool flank wear (VBc), cutting temperature (Formula: see textC), and chip morphology have been selected as measured outputs. To improve the machining performance of hardened steel, a sustainable MQL (Formula: see text directions) cooling system has been employed at the cutting zone. Iron–aluminum LRT 30 was considered as the base fluid for the hard turning of AISI 4340 steel by PVD (AlTiN) and CVD (TiN/TiCN/Al 2 O 3 ) coating cutting inserts. The primary effects of process parameters and their influences on the measured outputs have been discussed. The dual jet MQL-based hard turning was performed at three levels of cutting speeds (80, 170, and 260Formula: see textm/min), feed rate (0.5, 0.1, and 0.15Formula: see textmm/rev), and cutting depth (0.2, 0.3, and 0.4Formula: see textmm) with an air pressure of 5Formula: see textbar and mist flow rate 50Formula: see textml/h. The findings showed that PVD-coated carbide tools outperformed CVD-coated tools. The model of the measured outputs of both tools has been developed using second-order regression analysis. Utilizing ANOVA analysis, all the predictive models were observed to be significant and acceptable with larger than 90% of Formula: see text value.
Bag et al. (Sun,) studied this question.