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An in-depth analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics and their potential to treat a wide range of diseases is provided in this thorough review paper. mRNA therapy has a great deal of potential for treating various terminal illnesses. By introducing mRNA as a vaccine or therapeutic agent, recent developments in biotechnology and molecular medicine have made it possible to produce almost any functional protein or peptide in the human body. This offers a unique chance to prevent and treat various challenging illnesses, many of which have genetic roots. Moreover, the utilization of in vitro transcribed mRNA has brought about a revolution in the production process, rendering it more efficient, adaptable, customizable, and cost-effective when compared to traditional methods. For a long time, researchers have aspired to enhance various aspects of mRNA, including its stability, immunogenicity, translation efficiency, and delivery systems, with the aim of achieving an efficient and secure means of delivering mRNA. In this comprehensive review, we will delve into the essence of mRNA and mRNA-based therapies, encompassing their fundamental principles, methods of production, diverse applications, outcomes, and constraints. We will underscore the importance of optimizing mRNA and its delivery systems to ensure the success of mRNA therapy, all while addressing the pivotal challenges and prospects in the battle against cancer and COVID-19.
Yanhui Li (Fri,) studied this question.