Optimizing Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration: Clinical Determinants and Health Outcomes in Infants from Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract Background: Breastfeeding, especially exclusive infant breastfeeding is universally recognized for its essential benefits in promoting infant health and development. However, there is a paucity of knowledge of key factors influencing its practice in developing nations. This study investigates exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices, socio-economic factors influencing breastfeeding and health outcomes in Edo State, Nigeria.Methods:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Edo State, Nigeria, encompassing urban and rural settings. Data were collected from 257 mothers with infants aged 0-12 months using a standardized questionnaire adapted from the National Health and Demographic Survey. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0, with descriptive and multivariate logistic regression identifying factors influencing EBF practices. Qualitative data were thematically analyzed.Results:An overwhelming majority of respondents (99.6%) acknowledged the importance of breastfeeding for child health. Despite this, breastfeeding practices varied, influenced by socio-economic challenges and support availability. About 69.4% of children had never been diagnosed with any health conditions, and 93.7% had never been hospitalized for such conditions. Among the respondents, 68 mothers practiced EBF for 0-5 weeks, 77 for 6-10 weeks, and 83 for more than 11 weeks. Significant multivariate effects were observed for occupation (F = 3.179, p = 0.025), family income (F = 3.152, p = 0.026), parity (F = 3.055, p = 0.029), birth information (F = 7.304, p Conclusion: The study highlights a strong community awareness of the benefits of breastfeeding, coupled with relatively positive child health outcomes in Edo State. However, economic and support-related challenges persist, affecting sustained breastfeeding practices. Strengthening healthcare services, supporting economic stability for mothers, and enhancing educational and community support systems are recommended to improve breastfeeding outcomes and, consequently, child health.