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Evaluating the mission efficiency of various drone configurations under complex, multi-source, and multi-dimensional requirements remains a significant challenge. This study aimed to develop a comprehensive decision support system (DSS) that employs mission efficiency evaluation, probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets (PHFs), and multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods to assess and optimize drone design. In the proposed method, mission efficiency is defined as a composite measure of the flight performance, adaptability, and economic viability required to complete a mission. By designing a “demand–capability–design” mapping approach, this system effectively resolves multi-attribute conflicts in the decision-making process. To demonstrate the proposed approach, a set of small electric vertical takeoff and landing fixed-wing (e-VTOLFW) drones are compared and ranked based on their mission efficiency. The impacts of different mission requirements on drone evaluation are also discussed. The results demonstrate that this model resolves the traditional issue of unclear information flow in drone design. By improving the evaluation criteria, it enhances informed decision making and the robustness of evaluation results in drone design assessments. Additionally, the model is generalizable and can be widely applied to similar fields such as “demand–product design”, improving the understanding and optimization of product performance.
Bai et al. (Thu,) studied this question.