Extensive Pharmacognostic Standardization, Phytochemical Screening, In - Vitro Anti - Oxidant, and Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Garciniapedunculata

Herbal pharmaceuticals and herbal medicine have recently gained a unique position in society, maybe because they have fewer side effects than allopathic drugs. Garcenia penduculata leaf has long been utilized as an anthelmintic in traditional Assamese remedies. So, the current study looks at the antioxidant and anthelmintic capabilities (in-vitro) of the plant Garcenia penduculata's leaves after they have been extracted with ethanol as a solvent. The plant leaves were collected and authenticated followed by drying, grinding, and extraction using various solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol. All the extract obtained was subjected to various phytochemical screening to detect the different phytoconstituents present in the different extracts. Relevant pharmacognostic evaluations were performed to set the standard parameter for the correct identification of the plant. DPPH, reducing power, H2O2 assay, TPC, and TFC were performed with ethanolic extract to check antioxidant activity. Anthelmintic activity was done with ethanolic extract by using earthworms collected from the Panikhaiti area. Results of the phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, amino acids, glycoside, phenols, fats and oils, and steroids in ethanol, chloroform, and petroleum ether extract. This was used as a basis for the in-vitro studies which included an antioxidant study followed by an anthelmintic study. Pharmacognostic standardization parameters such as stomatal index, extractive value, ash value, moisture content, etc. were found to be 18.75±0.091% (upper epidermis stomatal index), 21.73±0.061% (lower epidermis stomatal index,) 2.36% (petroleum ether), 3.14% (chloroform), 6.19% (ethanol), 4.16±0.763 % (Total Ash), 2.9±0.246% (Acid insolubleash), 1.2±0.352% (Water soluble ash) and 7.133±1.474% (Moisture content) respectively. Statistical data which has found Anti-oxidant and anthelmintic activity confirmed that the leaf of Garcenia pedunculata has relevant Anti-oxidant and anthelmintic potential. The results suggest that the plant under research exhibits promising in-vitro Anti-oxidant activity when compared to the standard. The in-vitro anthelmintic experiments also confirmed that the ethanolic leaf extract of Garcenia pedunculata has potent anthelmintic activity. So, further research is required to find out the active phytoconstituent present in the leaf which is responsible for the anthelmintic activity, and also develop a convenient anthelmintic herbal formulation.