Comparison of Psychotherapy Approaches in Adolescents and Children With Anorexia Nervosa

INTRODUCTION: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and obsessive calorie restriction, often starting during adolescence. It can lead to severe somatic complications such as hormonal imbalances and heart arrhythmias. Treatment typically involves a multidimensional approach addressing somatic and psychological aspects, primarily relying on psychotherapy. Family support is crucial, providing emotional support, motivation, and of a healthy lifestyle maintenance. Individual or group therapy helps patients understand their behavior, change negative thoughts, and develop healthier coping strategies. Family therapy, often using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or Adolescent-Focused Therapy (AFT), is common. Treatment is prolonged and requires patient commitment and collaboration with a therapeutic team. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review of studies is based on articles from PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on eating disorders in adolescents, including treatment, psychotherapy, family-based therapy, and anorexia nervosa. RESULTS: Studies and guidelines indicate that family therapy is the preferred method for treating anorexia in children and adolescents, leading to significant improvements in body weight and eating disorder symptoms, with long-term positive effects. Behavioral therapy and AFT also yield promising results in adolescents. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to tailor therapy to each patient, as there is limited research comparing the effectiveness of individual methods, especially in the long term, despite their widespread clinical use.