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In 1990, Tyler proposed the procedural justice theory, explaining that if the police's law enforcement process is fair, citizens will believe that the police and its law enforcement actions are justified, and this perception of legitimacy will promote citizens' voluntary compliance with the law and cooperation with the police. In other words, there are differences in the level of police cooperation depending on the degree of citizens' perception of police legitimacy. Many studies have been conducted on police legitimacy perception as a major variable affecting police cooperation based on the research models of Tyler(2003) and Tankebe(2009). However, police legitimacy perceptions are sometimes confused with trust and obligation to obey the law, and the constructs differ among researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to validate Tankebe(2013)’s four-factor(lawfulness, procedural fairness, distributive fairness, and police effectiveness) model of police legitimacy perception and make recommendations on which factors are appropriate to study in Korea. The results of the study confirm that the three-factor(lawfulness, procedural fairness, and distributive fairness) construct model is more appropriate in Korea, except for police effectiveness, which is instrumental in nature, unlike Tankebe(2013)’s study. Accordingly, it suggested the need to raise awareness of police legitimacy by securing normative methods such as legal and procedural fairness in police activities and providing security services to citizens without discrimination rather than instrumental methods to show how successfully the police suppress and solve crimes to attract citizen cooperation.
Kim et al. (Sun,) studied this question.