Definition of the Main Prerequisites for the Emergence of the Term “Space Ergonomics”

The article discusses the main reasons for the formation of space ergonomics as a separate scientific discipline, since the knowledge used on the organisation of human activity in the surrounding techno-sphere on Earth differs significantly from the subject environment in outer space. The state of weightlessness dictates not only new rules in ergonomics, but also leads to the development of unique design solutions for a comfortable human stay in the space environment. Space ergonomics studies the laws of human life processes in the conditions of space flight. It is shown that the development of ergonometric requirements for the conditions of human professional activity in the space environment is an important factor for successful space exploration. The requirements include life support systems, safety, development of scientific and household equipment, design of the surrounding space, as well as consideration of psychological features of cosmonauts’ work.