Environmentally Friendly Development through the Green Constitution Concept

The purpose of the Indonesian state, as stated in the Preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in 1945, is to form a government that protects all Indonesian people and natural resources, as well as improving general welfare, national education, and participating in realizing world order based on independence, lasting peace, and social justice. The focus on the general welfare as a key value in a democratic economic system is at the core of the country's goals. During the Reformation Era, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia underwent significant changes, including the addition of articles recognizing the right to a good and healthy environment and the principle of sustainable economic democracy. However, the implementation of the concept of a "Green Constitution" that guarantees the right to sustainable environmental development has not been fully realized. Although supported by active community participation, the ideal legal framework has not been achieved and legal practice is still influenced by political and economic elites that contradict the spirit of the constitution to protect and respect the environment.