From Linearity to Complexity of Production. An Epistemological Contrast

Classical economic theory assumes that linear production leads to market equilibrium, ruling out the presence of externalities, given the rationality of economic agents. The objective of this article is to counter-argue the linear vision of production, which the postulates of non-linear dynamics, as methods of contrastation, allow us to assume the need for a more complex vision of production to turn towards an epistemological base that alludes to the model of the material closure cycle, as an alternative to optimize and make the functionality of the production units and productive factors more efficient. The arguments refer to the relevance of a complex perspective of the production system, given the series of interactions between agents and factors, as well as the energies, materials and wastes dissipated, many of which have adverse effects on the environment, translated into dynamic market behavior (in terms of costs and prices), and which the linear model omits.