Review of antibiotic agents active against infectious mastitis pathogens

The effectiveness of animal treatment largely depends on correctly selected veterinary drugs. In recent years, there has been a decrease in the activity of antimicrobial agents against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. This trend is associated with the natural processes of adaptation of bacteria to living conditions. Once inside the animal’s body, bacterial cells react flexibly to both the immune response and treatment with antimicrobial agents. In cases where medical care was provided with antibiotics with low activity against a specific pathogen, there was a failure to comply with deadlines or deviations from the treatment regimen, some bacterial cells may not only not die, but also acquire drug resistance. Surviving microorganisms can change the type of colonial growth, the shape of the shell (many modern studies are devoted to L-forms of bacteria, which are formed under the influence of unfavorable factors, including antibiotics) or acquire new qualities through mutational changes. It is these processes that drive the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antimicrobial drugs. As a result, many treatment regimens cease to give the desired result, since they include drugs whose active components do not have the proper bactericidal effect on resistant strains. In order for the treatment of animals to have therapeutic effectiveness, careful monitoring of antimicrobial agents and the compilation of an up-to-date list of them is necessary, based on the active substances and drug resistance of pathogens of infectious diseases. Thus, reviews of effective antibiotic therapy are a current area of veterinary medicine.