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Abstract The focus of the paper is on the prediction of wave loads experienced by a 20kTEU container ship. The principles of the potential flow panel method to predict motions and loads are briefly described. A description of scale model tests is given. A number of validation cases are discussed, whereby experimental and simulated time traces and frequency spectra of accelerations, shear forces, torsion and bending moments in regular and irregular waves are compared. Particular attention is paid into the prediction of whipping and springing phenomena.
Walree et al. (Sun,) studied this question.