Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Abstract This study rationalizes the reason for an increase in the electrical conductivity, crystal quality, surface morphology, and superconductive transition temperatures for Bi-2212 superconductors via scientific facts and discussions depending on replacing the optimum Ag/Sr sites in the system for the first time. Every experimental result and related calculations indicate the successful replacement of monovalent Ag + ions for the divalent Sr 2+ ions in the polycrystalline Bi-2212 structure. Moreover, it is observed that the bulk Bi-2212 ceramic prepared with a partial substitution level of x = 0. 01 is observed to possess the highest electrical conductivity and superconductive transition temperatures of 84. 68 K and 86. 26 K for the T₂^offset T c offset and T₂^onset T c onset, respectively. Besides, in the case of the optimum replacement level, the Bi-2212 ceramic exhibits the most uniform and smoothest surface appearance, highest interactions between the grains, best microcrystal distributions/orientations, and largest average crystalline distribution along the crystal structure. In this regard, this study becomes a leader in broadening the application spectra including the heavy-industrial technologies, innovative, advanced engineering-related sectors, and large-scale application fields for Bi-2212 superconducting ceramics.
Azzawi et al. (Sat,) studied this question.