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The peculiarities of the promotion of the narrative of Ukrainian biological weapons by Russian propaganda during the Russian-Ukrainian war are investigated.The impact of such propaganda on public opinion is deconstructed.Measures to counter such propaganda by non-state research organizations and non-state mass media are outlined.It was determined that in the modern world, propaganda turns the real world into a fictional world.As a form of communication, propaganda seeks to direct the reaction and/or behaviour of the subject.An important factor is that with the help of information that is promoted through certain technologies, an opinion that is important to the government is represented.Especially when this government is at war.And when the consumer of information receives a lot of information, he can not only understand the reality in which he is, but can also lose it.Therefore, at least two opposing points of view can form an information space, divide it and counterattack each other.As a result, confrontation between people will be established.In the war with Ukraine, Russia created a multi-level information space, in each of which Ukraine is accused of spreading Nazism, suppressing Russian speakers, spreading biological weapons, etc.A unique aspect of contemporary Russian propaganda is its creation of numerous narratives on diverse subjects, each consistently highlighting the presence of an enemy.And this is Ukraine.Undoubtedly, the goal of such a strategy is to justify a military invasion of the territory of Ukraine, and not only in 2022, but also in 2014.Propaganda narratives must also be thwarted by a multi-layered countermeasure, an important element of which is NGOs.
Matsyshyna et al. (Sat,) studied this question.