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During the twentieth century, technology pioneered biotechnology for genetic modification and opened up new horizons for transferring unique traits to plants of plant species or other living organisms. Biotechnology and genetic engineering research has led to the development of new plant and animal products that are beneficial to humanity. Agricultural products that tolerate herbicides and are resistant to biological stresses, such as resistance to insects, viruses, and fungi, and abiotic stresses such as drought tolerance, salinity, high temperature, and frost. These crops also included vegetables with a long shelf life and others of improved taste quality. Gene-editing technology products have sparked controversy and concerns about the potential risks of using these unconventional techniques in genetics or genetic modification for the environment and public health. Opponents argue that a lack of evidence about potential risks does not mean that there are none. There is no final agreement on the assessment and risk management of genetically modified organisms. Several agreements have been issued that stress the importance of biosafety in protecting biodiversity, the most important of which is the Convention issued by the United Nations in 2000, which is called the Cartagena-Columbia Protocol on Biosafety, and Iraq joined the Convention in 2009. reception environment.
Alalwani et al. (Sat,) studied this question.