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Abstract Groundwater levels rarely rise during pumping, and the underlying mechanism for their rise has not yet been revealed. Water level rise was observed during pumping at a deep geothermal well located approximately 1 km from the western coastline on Seokmo-do Island, Korea. We revealed the mechanism of the water level rise based on the relationship between the water level and tidal efficiency and the relationship between the flowing water temperature and the amount of naturally flowing water to the surface, considering the density and static pressure (h) of water. When water was pumped out of the geothermal well over time, the temperature at 9 m depth increased, whereas the density of the water continuously decreased, and then h increased. From the start of the natural flow, the water temperature in the well increased consistently along with a progressive increase in the amount of natural flow. When the temperature of naturally flowing water reaches ~ 65.5℃, the rate of natural flow increases to ~ 1,441 m3/d with ∆h of ~ 22.3 m. Using a simple formula of transmissivity and maximum drawdown during steady-state long-term pumping at a confined aquifer, the water level was 7.03 m above the land surface at a natural flow rate of 1441 m3/d.
Lee et al. (Mon,) studied this question.