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Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse.In Ayurvedic literature, infertility is referred to as Vandhyatva.Infertility can arise due to various factors affecting both males and females.According to Ayurveda, four essential factors-Ritu (season), Kshetra (field), Ambu (nutrient fluid), and Beeja (seed)-must be in optimal condition for conception and a successful pregnancy.Numerous factors can impact fertility, including weight, diet, smoking, medical conditions, substance abuse, environmental pollutants, medications, family medical history, and infections.Infertility can stem from issues in either partner.In men, infertility typically results from a low sperm count or poor sperm quality.In women, infertility often occurs when regular ovulation does not happen, or the fallopian tubes are damaged or blocked, preventing sperm from reaching the egg.Ayurvedic texts recommend both Shodhana (purification) and Shamana (pacification) therapies, including Panchakarma, for the treatment of Vandhyatva.This article explores the concept of Vandhyatva from an Ayurvedic perspective, detailing the Ayurvedic principles and management strategies employed to address female infertility.In Ayurveda, Uttar Basti (the administration of medicated oil or decoction through the vagina and uterus) is recommended as a treatment for the Kshetra (reproductive field) after undergoing Shodhan (purification).The classical texts outline various indications for Uttar Basti.Vata dosha is identified as the primary cause of Vandhyatva (infertility), and Uttar Basti is particularly effective because it pacifies Vata dosha and possesses Ropan (healing) and Shodhan (purifying) properties.Therefore, Uttar Basti is considered an optimal treatment for managing infertility (Vandhyatva).
Sharma et al. (Sun,) studied this question.