Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Extract Against Escherichia Coli and Staphylococcus Aureus

Abstract Background Turmeric (Curcuma longa) has long been recognized for its therapeutic properties and cultural significance in traditional medicine. This study investigates the antibacterial potential of Curcuma longa extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, aiming to contribute to the exploration of alternative or supplementary treatments to combat drug-resistant pathogens. Results Phytochemical analysis of the Curcuma longa extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, saponin, carbohydrate, and anthraquinones. The extract exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus isolates, with observed zones of inhibition ranging from 10 ± 0.5 to 25 ± 0.5mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined at 25mg/ml and 100mg/ml, respectively. The methanol extract of Curcuma longa demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, particularly at higher concentrations. Conclusions This study provides empirical evidence supporting the traditional use of turmeric as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics. The observed antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus suggests the potential therapeutic value of Curcuma longa in combating bacterial infections. These findings underscore the importance of further research into the pharmacological effects of natural remedies and promote their utilization as supplementary or alternative medicine, potentially addressing challenges associated with conventional medications such as high costs, side effects, and drug resistance.