Role of Efferocytosis in Health and Diseases

Efferocytosis is the process of removal of apoptotic cells through phagocytosis by the specialized cells known as efferocytes. Clearance of dead cells also plays an important role in the defensive system of organisms as efferocytosis maintains homeostasis and repairing of tissues and organs. In this process, the dying cell releases signals for identification and engulfment which is further processed by macrophages. Efferocytosis prevents the secondary necrosis and release of pro-inflammatory cellular contents. This clearance process involves interplay of signaling molecules, receptors, and other mediators that ensures prompt recognitions and removal of dying cells. Dysregulation of efferocytosis has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and atherosclerosis. This review focuses on some common autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, and neurodegenerative disorders due to impaired efferocytosis. To describe the pathophysiology of efferocytosis in diseases more extensive studies are required.