Theoretical medicine: the foundation of the future of medicine

When comparing the current capabilities of medicine in diagnosis and treatment with those of twenty years ago, one can certainly say that back then, such advancements were merely a dream. The success in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention is usually the result of knowledge synthesis accumulated over several centuries. This becomes possible due to the development of such disciplines as molecular biology, genetic engineering, systems biology, nanomedicine, and regenerative medicine. Modern technologies make it possible to manage many processes and digitisation covers more and more fields of medicine. Aim: of the research was to carry out a literature search concerning the importance of fundamental sciences knowledge, to familiarise with some modern directions: genetic engineering, molecular biology, nanotechnology and others, to demonstrate the successful implementation of their assets in diagnostic and therapeutic measures. Methodology: a generalisation and scientific publications analysis over the past 5 years on the topic of this study has been carried out. To search for literary sources, databases and search engines, focusing primarily on PubMed for the research topic were utilised. Results: Following a literature analysis, undeniable confirmation that biomedical sciences—physiology, pathophysiology, pathomorphology, and microbiology—were the essential foundation without which success in treatment and diagnosis would be unattainable was discovered. The accumulation of the database opened up new promising ways of theoretical medicine. The success of molecular biology and biochemistry has become a source for the successful development of nanotechnology, genetic engineering and regenerative medicine. Scientific Novelty: the novelty of this research is in tracking the correlation between fundamental medical and biological sciences and the development of modern areas of medicine. Conclusion: the presented literature search demonstrated that the theoretical foundations of medicine are extremely important and allow to successfully develop modern directions of medicine and introduce them into clinical medicine.