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This paper provided a thorough examination of the dynamics of hematopoietic stem cells and leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia through mathematical modeling. AML, a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by abnormal myeloid cell proliferation in the bone marrow, presents significant challenges in understanding disease progression and treatment response. The study reviews various mathematical modeling techniques, including agent-based modeling, ordinary differential equations, and stochastic models, to analyze the complex interactions between stem cells, their progeny, and the bone marrow microenvironment. Recent advances in experimental methodologies for measuring key parameters in stem cell dynamics and integrating these data into mathematical models are also highlighted. Furthermore, the paper discussed the potential of mathematical modeling to guide the development of personalized therapeutic strategies for AML patients. It aims to unravel the growth dynamics of HSCs and LSCs within the bone marrow, considering them as a network of interconnected compartments representing distinct stages of cellular differentiation. The study introduced an innovative fractional order derivative-based framework, which re-examined and reformulated classical growth models to better capture the intricate interplay between self-renewal and proliferation rates across diverse sub-stages of cellular differentiation. By shedding light on the regulatory mechanisms governing stem cell dynamics, this approach provides valuable insights into the pathophysiology of hematopoietic disorders, particularly acute myeloid leukemia.
Lenin et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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