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This study aims at revisiting the forms and functions of vocatives in English. Vocatives can be classified into different forms that perform two main functions in English viz, calling the addressee and maintaining the relationship, the former labeled as the identification function while the latter as the expressive function. The various forms of vocatives vary in fulfilling both functions. In addition, the expressive function of vocatives is governed by some factors such as the addresser, the addressee and the context or the situation in which the vocatives can be used.
Hamad et al. (Wed,) studied this question.