Antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects of green synthesized silver/silver chloride nanoparticles using Spondias pinnata bark extract

In this study, the green synthesis of silver/silver chloride nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl-NPs) using Spondias pinnata bark extract was confirmed by the color changes and a sharp absorbance peak at 415 nm determined by a UV-visible spectrometer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs. The disc diffusion method was applied to screen the antibacterial activity of synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs against four pathogenic bacteria such as Shigella boydii, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest antibacterial activity with the maximum zone of growth inhibition was observed against Shigella boydii. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded as 3 µg/ml for S. boydii and S. aureus, 6 µg/ml for E. coli, and 12 µg/ml for S. dysenteriae. Synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs displayed comparatively higher scavenging activity for ABTS (IC50 = 29.87±1.36 µg/ml) than DPPH (IC50 = 27.66±4.54 µg/ml). Additionally, synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs inhibited 76.83±0.60 % Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells, 78.43±1.97 % human breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines, and 68.44±1.95 % human lung cancer (A549) cell lines growth at the concentration of 128 µg/ml. Next, synthesized Ag/AgCl-NPs showed potent toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii with an LC50 value of about 30 µg/ml.