Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in healthcare, enabling advancements in hospital management, clinical decision-making, patient outcomes, and public health initiatives. Globally, AI has redefined diagnostic precision and operational efficiency, yet limited studies have explored its multidisciplinary implementation in Pakistan’s health system, particularly its impact on clinical practice, patient outcomes, and healthcare accessibility. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of AI-driven systems across four domains: hospital administration, clinical decision-making, patient outcomes in chronic and acute illnesses, and AI-based public health initiatives. Methods: A hospital-based observational study was conducted at Indus Hospital, Lahore, from January to June 2025, involving 100 admitted patients (mean age = 50.3 ± 12.4 years; 58% males, 42% females). AI applications were assessed across hospital operations, including inventory optimization, biometric attendance, AI-assisted electronic health records (EHR), and billing automation. Clinical decision support systems were evaluated for diagnostic accuracy, treatment adherence, and response time. Patient outcomes—symptom management, readmission rates, and clinician feedback—were analyzed descriptively (mean, SD, and percentage). Public health initiatives such as vaccination tracking, telehealth consultations, and awareness campaigns were also reviewed. Results: AI integration improved hospital stock availability from 80% to 95%, reduced supply wastage by 28%, and cut documentation time from 25 to 14 minutes. Billing errors decreased by 42%, while claim approvals rose by 25%. Diagnostic accuracy improved from 74% to 89%, and treatment initiation time shortened by 15 minutes. Readmission rates dropped from 22% to 14%, and treatment adherence increased from 52% to 68%. Vaccination compliance improved to 87%, and telehealth consultations expanded access for rural patients by 71%. Conclusion: Artificial Intelligence significantly enhances healthcare delivery by improving administrative efficiency, optimizing clinical workflows, and supporting preventive public health interventions. Its integration into Pakistan’s healthcare systems can promote equitable, data-driven, and sustainable care delivery.
Yaseen et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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