FCEV vs. BEV — A short overview on identifying the key contributors to affordable & clean energy (SDG-7)

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are surging worldwide due to technology improvements in lithium-based batteries and rising petroleum prices. India's EV30@30 campaign aggressively penetrate the Electric vehicle and target share by 30% in 2030. Sarcastically, from the Indian context, the availability of Li-source is limited and subsequently, there has been an impetus to find out a promising electric vehicle (EV). Fuel cell-based EVs are one such potential option. The present review critically assesses the scope and perspective of battery electric vehicles (BEVs)with fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) in line with the Indian context. The assessment validates that fuel cell-based EVs can be a likely option for the Indian sub-continent. As a whole, FCEV technology will advance, and over time, smaller and mid-segment commercial vehicles will eventually be more affordable in addition to being sustainable, especially when using green hydrogen as a fuel. The total cost of ownership (TOC) of FCEV is better than BEV for the period of twelve years and also supports the future of FCEV in the Indian context (Sontakke et al. 2024).