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Offshore wind turbines, crucial for electricity generation worldwide, face challenges from strong winds, waves, and uneven ocean floors. To address these issues while remaining cost-effective, an innovative foundation is essential. The study introduces a helical monopile with a circular helix made of the same material as the shaft, representing a significant advancement. The study employs both 1 g model experimental tests and numerical simulations (PLAXIS 3D) to explore how changing slope conditions, pile positions, and the inclusion of the helix affects the response under monotonic lateral loading. Factors studied include ground slope angles (flat, 1 V:5H, 1 V:3H, 1 V:2H, and 1 V:1H), pile positions along the slope (c = 0Dp, 2.5Dp, 5Dp, and 7.5Dp), and variations in the number and positions of the helix (Hp) (0.25Lp, 0.5Lp, and 0.75Lp). The investigation involved analyzing the spacing between helices about both the length of the pile (Lp) and the diameter of the helix (dh). The eccentricity to the diameter of pile ratio (e/Dp) is maintained as 12. The main objective is to compare the effectiveness of large-diameter helical piles to conventional monopiles in resisting upward and lateral forces. Results show helical piles offer a 100% improvement in uplift resistance and a 53% increase in lateral resistance compared to monopiles. This significant enhancement in capacity, particularly on sloping surfaces where monopiles typically exhibit reduced performance, underscores the effectiveness of helical piles in enhancing lateral capacity compared to monopiles.
T. et al. (Sat,) studied this question.